胡同的名字叫百花深处
(一)
利玛窦明朝末年写北京的尘土说:“Few streets are paved with Bricke or stone, so that in Winter dirt, and dust in Summer, are very offensive: and because it raineth there seldome, the ground is all crumbled into dust, and if any wind blow, it enters every Roome”。到了光绪间,Harry de Windt说,英国谚语谓英国人死前要吃一大堆灰尘,北京人嚥最后一口气之前吃得更多:“If we, in England, must eat, according to the proverb, a peck of dirt before we die, I feel convinced that the inhabitants of Pekin swallow at least a hunderdweight before their last hour. The dust of Pekin is, next to its smells, its greatest curse...”民国二十五年,Peter Fleming把北京当牛津:“Peking - in this, as in several other ways, curiously resembling Oxford - can usually be relied upon to be characteristic”。然后是一九六六年十年浩劫之前的景观,James Cameron清晨五点钟陶醉在雾里的北京,说是彷彿步入明清水墨的淡彩之中,柔美而阴森:“At five in the morning Peking has a disembodied air; its strange pearly quality achieves no sort of shape in the half-light; its outlines are blurred and misty; it is rather like existing within a seventeenth century Chinese water-colour. It is lovely, but eerie”。文革之后的一九七九年,一位澳洲商人说北京灰濛濛,真该有一批油漆推销员来做做生意:“You know what this place needs - a few good paint salesmen”。
(二)
不论人家怎么说,北京毕竟是个很气派、很漂亮的地方:该堂皇的堂皇,该秀雅的秀雅,而且够老。我还格外留恋北京的胡同,总觉得那是古都一绺绺的残梦,飘散着前朝的遗韵,诉说着历代的沧桑。难怪拍摄北京胡同与中国乡土系列的摄影家徐勇要邀请程小玲跟他合作,编出一本以胡同为主题的散文和照片合集的书,由九十九位作家写九十九篇关於胡同的小品,书名题为《胡同九十九》。书很贵,我还是买了,就为罗车胡同里的那一株大枣树,为正觉胡同里的晨曦中那一座四合院,也为那一篇篇清幽的文字。
北京胡同的名字真好玩。韦君宜先生说,民国初年雅人当道,给北京胡同起了一些雅名儿。有一位在皇宫里当奶妈的阔绰老太太住在一条胡同里,老百姓都挺尊敬她的,管这胡同叫奶子府胡同,后来嫌名字太露了,改成“迺兹府”!我的朋友扬之水住的东总布胡同原来算是大胡同了,中国作家协会也在那儿。有一条小小的胡同起了个名字叫耳朵眼胡同。手帕胡同当年专卖手绢。头发胡同也许是卖假发的地方。无量大人胡同住了个名字叫无量的大人。石大娘胡同住过一个接生婆。大雅宝胡同原是大哑巴胡同。高义伯胡同是狗尾巴胡同。有的胡同不叫胡同,叫个雅致的名字:“百花深处”,齐白石曾经住过,汪曾祺说:“其实这里并没有花,一进胡同是一个公共厕所!”幸好白石老人会画花卉,百花都在丹青里。
北京位於华北平原,靠近蒙古沙漠,大风多在秋冬两季,沙漠上的沙都吹来了,黄尘蔽天。我在北京碰过一次大风,冒着风在朋友住的一条胡同里走,沿着高高的红墙听风中沙沙的秋声,感觉“五四”得很。